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ELECTION OF YESTERDAY

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Trade A review of the tightest election in our history: yesterday and today also lived hours of tension, expectation and triumph.

By: Jorge Paredes

Sunday April 10, 2011

Peruvian electoral history is of long standing. The first time the Peruvians to vote was in 1809 (at the end of the Viceroyalty), while in Spain is called a constituent assembly, the Cortes of Cadiz, due to the power vacuum created by the abdication of King Charles IV and of his son Ferdinand VII

, imprisoned by Napoleon's troops. In Lima there were elections to elect Members to represent us in such courts and the Creole elite turned out to vote in parish and town councils.

The primordial importance of these elections is that served as models for the majority of elections developed over the nineteenth century after Independence. Against what is supposed to, not a few, and some were massive. Were mostly indirect elections, were elected after voters decide the structure of Congress, which in turn elected the president.

The votes were not secret and belted voice, which generated brawls and vandalism. The last election was fought in 1871, which brought to power Manuel Pardo, the first elected civilian president in Peru. The process took two years between 1870 and 1871, and lived in Lima electoral climate. Pardo account in a letter that a rally attended by 10,500 people in a city that had over 80,000 inhabitants. Exaggerated or not, was, according Basadre, the first candidate who dared to visit a popular area of \u200b\u200bLima, Malambo Street, known for its highly dangerous. That African-American woman hugged him and kissed him on the mouth, shouted, "Come to see my boy Manuel."

mass meeting

There is consensus among historians that the first modern election in Peru, with the presence of a Jury of Elections and a wider universe of voters (literate males over 21 years), was the 1931. The Leguia Oncenio had come to an end and there were four presidential candidates, but only two target preferences: Luis Sanchez Cerro, the Revolutionary Union, who came from a rising star in the south against Leguía and chair a meeting of government , and Victor Raul Haya de la Torre, a politician arrived from European exile and leader of the APRA party representing the masses working and middle class sectors. However, the radical discourse of fear caused in large social sectors. "While his repeated attacks on the upper classes were only rhetoric, tremendously frightened conservative groups and why not, many artisans and middle-class people fearful of losing their small properties," says historian Juan Luis Orrego. At the time there were no polls, so the popularity is measured in squares. Has closed his campaign on August 23, 1931 in the Plaza de Acho in Lima, before a crowd of workers. The APRA were confident of victory but the victory was for 46,000 votes Sánchez Cerro. Has not recognized defeat, denounced electoral fraud and his supporters declared him "moral president of Peru." According to Juan Luis Orrego, that are at the root of hatred towards Sánchez Cerro APRA and the violence that erupted in the country and had its peak in 1932 with the APRA Trujillo revolution and in 1933 with the assassination of Sánchez Cerro ". Draw

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So far, the tightest election in our history has been that of 1962. Again Haya and APRA were on the political scene, thanks to APRA support the second government of Manuel Prado (1956-1962), who had returned to the law to called people's party. Has participated in elections after thirty years.
were seven candidates, but the strongest were threefold: Hague, the Democratic Alliance (APRA coalition and the ruling Democratic Movement of Peru), Fernando Belaunde, an architect who had great sympathy for Popular Action, and Manuel Odria , who returned to try his presidency with wide acceptance in the slums of Lima. The results were adjusted. Has received 557,047 votes (32.97%); Belaunde, 554,180 votes (32.13 ) Odría, 480,798 votes (28.4 ). None won the third of the vote required under the Constitution to get to the Palace, so that Congress should decide who would be president.
What followed were unsuccessful deals, allegations of fraud and an alleged veto of the Armed Forces Hague.

On July 16 the news circulated that Hague had agreed to decline his application and support in Congress Odría choice, blocking his path to Belaunde. Amid the climate of tension, the military decided to overthrow the president still Prado and establish a Governing Board that called for new elections next year. Belaunde in 1963 won 39.5% of the vote against Hague, who won 34.8%, and Odria, 25.5%. Elections of 1962 were the first 'dead heat' in our history, determined in the manner of the time (with stroke included) in a sort of second round a year later. Today the story begin to be rewritten.